Manual Focus with Moving Subject

nmorozov

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I'm relatively new to RFF and wanted to ask seasoned pros here... Let's say I have moderately fast moving subjects (like kids walking & playing in the park). I'm shooting open at 2.8. Do you nail each and every shot focus-wise? How long does it take to develop that sensory feeling between the turn of the focus ring and subject's movement?

I'm too young to know the action photography with manual only lenses - but I've know several older guys who can nail a 5-6 frames sequence of a diagonally running dog with every single shot being the keeper using Nikon F3/F2. When asked - one guy referred to that sensory memory of how much and how fast to turn the focus based on the subject movement - which I found quite a challenge to develop.

Thoughts?
 
Not sure I'd qualify as a "seasoned pro" but I can suggest some methods.

1) Don't shoot at 2.8, stop down and use hyperfocal. That leaves you only framing to worry about.

2) Learn to follow the subject with your focus. That gets tough if you use several lenses!

3) Pre-focus to a spot, then anticipate when the subject reaches it and fire at that point.

None of these is an easy answer and you'll still miss plenty. This is one area where an SLR probably beats an RF.
 
You're going to have to stop down the lens, probably to about f/8. The side-sweeping motion of the camera will blur the background (if you are shooting at a slower shutter speed, such as 1/30 or 1/60) while the smaller aperture should keep your subject in focus.

However, as others have said, practice a lot.
 
Manual Focus

Manual Focus

My recommendation is to relax on focusing accuracy. The focusing patch is designed to give accurate focus even for lenses like the Noctilux. At 2.8 the focusing accuracy requirement might be less than what you would expect it to be.

Regards
Steve
 
It works with rangefinders, and works well with a little practice, the problem about 'follow focus' is that most of the shots, especially with fast subjects, will force you to a centered composition (which is not really a 'bad' thing, but sometimes limiting), even more so than with manual focus SLRs. if you want to avoid that you should go hyperfocal.
 
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2) Learn to follow the subject with your focus. That gets tough if you use several lenses!

When I was doing my "Weegee experiment" project this is what I did. I would set for either 12' or 20' and position myself to where the subject was about that distance.

This is what they say that Weegee did when he was shooting.

Of course, I was using a honker of a flash and stopped down to f/16 so that helped a lot with the focus. 🙂
 
muscle memory is a big part of it, and you only get it with practice.

to get yourself started, learn your natural "stopping points". pull the focusing tab until it stops comfortably, then pull again as far as you can given a standard holding position. see how far you can push the tab with the camera in vertical orientation as well. learn to recognize these distances and how much dof you have at your most used apertures.

one trick i gleaned from the late al kaplan was to leave the focus at one distance and follow your subject as they moved. zoom with your feet? focus with your feet!
 
There is only one way, that is to stop down the lens and either zone focus or hyperfocal focus, which means shooting at 5.6 and above to be really sure.

There is no way you can manually focus on a moving subject at f2.8 and get tack sharp image, the reason for that is the focus range which is a few inches at that f stop. what it means is that you have to calculate the movement of the subject in inches per second and then your own ability to focus at that speed.

Don't waste your film.
 
Nobody is perfect 100% of the time. I'm still learning this whole rangefinder thing (which is a total blast by the way) but I'm totally convinced that shooting moving subjects is totally possible. Perfect practice makes perfect.



35 Summilux on Leica M7 @ f/4
 
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my tips - with lenses with a focus tab i used my index finger to focus. i've kind of learned where my finger position should be for focus at ~1.5m (finger fully folded in like holding trigger on a gun), ~2m , ~3m ~5m and infinity (finger straight out and pointing). i used to worry a lot about trying to get the focus exactly right but not much anymore these days.

it's pretty easy to learn this by just fondling your equipment while watching tv or even while walking along the footpath.
 
Hyperfocal is nice and all if lighting conditions are ideal, you can also try zone focusing if you're good at estimating distance.
 
Everything has been said already, but only half the comments are good for you - the other half should not be listened to, as they are bad for your photography, like drugs in excessive dosage is bad for your brain.

DON'T start, to make do with smaller apertures, extending your DOF, to overcome your (temporarily) manual focus short coming !

Comments, that you need to practice this (A LOT) are spot on - these comments are good for you - DO THAT!

Not consistently being able, to shoot wide glass on movable subjects is nonsense.
The more you practice it, the higher your keeper rate grows.
With really fast lenses like f1.2 or f1 50mm, there will be a higher trash rate, than with slower lenses.

I started last year with a Leica M6 shooting manual focus - I could not shoot a snail crossing a street at f2.8 at the beginning.
This summer, I decided, to bring only two Leicas to the 24h LeMans, to shoot sports car racing. It was the first time.

The first two hours of the race, I shot digital, to check my learning curve and try out different techniques, I thought out.
It was a tour de force - a huuge disappointment - I was very close before giving up, shooting the race, but doing some of the event, people, etc and enjoy the race weekend.

Somehow though, I didn't give in and it clicked. I found a technique, to consistently focus with the RF, while following the cars through a section, shooting the lens wide open (90mm f2 and 135mm f3.4).
To my initial surprise, the keeper rate was very high (way over 50%), so high, that it was even in the same region, as when using a Nikon D3 and fast tele lenses, hammering away at 8 frames.

You must experiment with different techniques, to find out one, that suits YOU.
… and you don't come around, practicing manual focus A LOT.
I do this basically on a daily basis, while commuting to the office, shooting from a moving car - this helps.

I basically shoot fast lenses on the Leica, while oscillating the focus ring back and forth around RF patch coincidence, getting finer and finer an adjustment, until I decide, to shoot after composing.
I adapt this technique to the time, I will potentially have for a certain shot, choose my aperture accordingly and combine this with constantly pre focussing the lens in anticipation of a possible focus distance for a potential photo (this is important for fast lenses with big focus throw like the Noctilux or 90mm f2 or 75 f1.4).

It is very rewarding, to find your way with manual focus, keep at it and don't give up!
And don't let those f8 shooters drag you into that lazy mode - your lenses helicoids might rust that way!

L1035622.jpg


L1035625.jpg


L1036001.jpg


These cars did not just pass by at a constant distance - they came, closing in or accelerating away from me, while braking into or driving out of Dunlop Chicane at LeMans. So they were certainly not sitting ducks.

On my way to Germany, I bought a 35 Summilux in Paris, which I shot during the whole trip back - I used the same technique on this speeding by train:

L1036205_Bahn.jpg


Back in Germany, I visited a friend, photographing some of his animals on the farm and also his 1 year old for family shots with a 90 f2 lens. I used my Le Mans technique and I can tell you, the geese were the most difficult thing, to focus on, I ever encountered @ f2. The very active 1 year old though was a breeze by comparison.

Strictly limiting your lens choices is very helpful, as it is easier, to find a good feel for focus throw, lightness of the focus, DOF margin of a certain lens in a certain aperture range, etc.
 
Yes, thank everyone. I appreciate different techniques of focusing (and understand and practice them all - some more often than others). I was really wondering on how long it takes to develop that sensory feeling to comfortably shoot moving objects wide open.

I almost don't shoot landscapes so hyperfocal is not something I use a lot. Most of the time (street photography) I use zone focusing since I end up shooting 5.6-8 anyways.

I shoot weddings with D3s (and of recently with M9) and obviously with D3s you can shoot a fly zipping around with F/1.4. But boy - what a joy to let go that squirming fat pig of D3s and just use M9 - light, simple and how it should be. I swear my cheeks reddens when I'm holding that brick with equally gigantic lens and hood close to someone after shooting M9. It's just embarrassing. But until Leica can shoot at 12,800ISO - I need my D3s.

Moving subject is the only challenge for me in manual focus (coming from SLR perspective).
 
Three things that I haven't seen covered:

Your focal length - wider is easier.
Distance to the subject - farther is easier.
Angle of approach - parallel is easy, diagonal is tough, straight on is near impossible.
1. 28/35 and some 50
2. 2-5 meters
3. Usually some sort of diagonal move (it's not often that I'm positioned in parallel)
 
And depending on your needs, sharp focus can by highly overrated. I took this with a Minolta CLE and 40mm Summicron-C. I was standing on a jungle gym, following my son as he ran and doing my best to track him with the focus lever. Very dark. Shot on Tri-X at about ISO1000, developed in Diafine.
4405826624_daacdbb725_z.jpg
 
Someone has mentioned this, but focus tabs can be a great help once you get used to the lens. Essentially it will allow to tell you how far your focused away by the position of your finger, so you don't have to look at any lens markings.
 
From my experience in shooting my son, I find it more effective in prefocusing to a distance and then move my body forward or backward to track focus. I find it faster to move my body then to turn the focusing ring. A good judgement on distance helps too.
 
Move the body, not the focus ring.

Move the body, not the focus ring.

@aizan
one trick i gleaned from the late al kaplan was to leave the focus at one distance and follow your subject as they moved. zoom with your feet? focus with your feet!

I wanted to highlight this. Not that I'm that good, but pay attention.

You set the focus on the subject at 8 feet (let's say). As your subject moves nearer and farther, you move yourself backward and forward to keep the same distance, the same focus, and the same subject framing.

(I see that Vincent.G has just emphasized the same point.)
 
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