The first thing I would be checking is, as a poster mentioned above, the screws on the mounting flange to make sure they are fully seated. This is a simple thing to check hence do this first.
The second thing I would check are the lugs on the mounting flange of the lens (the four protruding metal bits around the mounting base that engage with the corresponding slots on the camera mount). I happen to have my Voigtlander f1.1 sitting in front of me at this moment and can confirm that on the Voigtlander Nokton (in fact on all M mount lenses, I suspect having had a quick look at a couple of others) these are quite thin and fragile looking and it would not take too much of a clumsy bump (such as if placed or dropped base down onto a hard surface too hard without the lens base cap being in place) to cause one of these to bend inwards / downwards slightly. This bend could easily misalign one of the lens' mounting lugs enough to prevent that lug from seating below the corresponding projections on the camera's lens mount and this in turn would be likely to impede rotation of the whole lens to lock it in place. Engineering tolerances are very tight for these lugs so as to make sure that lenses do not move or wobble when mounted and that proper tolerances are maintained for focusing. Hence any misalignment of only a few thousandths of an inch can prevent proper mounting. This may not even be visible to the naked eye unless accompanied by a dent or ding.
This is only a hypothesis in that I have not had this happen to me with a lens BUT I certainly have had more than one lens adapter of ostensibly good quality come to me fresh from the factory which would not mount on the relevant camera because it was out of tolerance. Only recently for example, I had to return one (a Konica to Leica M adapter) I purchased on eBay for this reason - it simply would not rotate and mount on any M mount camera. But the replacement one they then sent me (and previous ones I had purchased from the same maker) fitted perfectly. No deformation was visible on the faulty one and the lens mount flanges all looked perfect so it is clear to me that it does not take much of a misalignment to cause this problem. Like yours mine would not even begin to rotate into locked position. For some reason during manufacture something was slightly out of whack and never picked up by QA processes.
If there are no obvious dents or dings in any of these lugs - which if present might suggest a drop onto a hard surface), one way to check further is to try a "color transfer" method. Use a thick black felt tipped pen to color the parts of the lens mount that must engage with the camera's lens mount using the felt pen. Then try mounting the lens again and check to see if there are any obvious rub marks where color has transferred from the lens to the camera's lens mount in a place which suggests it may be binding at that point. This will at least help diagnose the problem. Alternatively, if you have access to a micrometer or vernier gauge / caliper check the lugs to see if any of them are misaligned from the others. Both of these techniques are legitimate techniques used by mechanical engineers when fitting metal parts to other metal parts.
If you identify an obvious issue after doing this, come back to this thread and we can discuss options for repair. BTW felt tipped pen is ideal for this because it is thin and adds nothing to the dimensions of the lens mount and because it can be removed easily and completely with alcohol etc.