The geometry of the rangefinder follower cam in all the bodies I know of limits their close-focus to about 0.7m.
There are lenses that will scale-focus at 18"-24": the DR Summicron and the LTM version of the Nikkor S.C come to mind. I also have an M-mount conversion of the Canon 55mm f1.2 FL lens that scale-focuses to under 0.5m.
As Chris has noted, the DR Summicron is unique in that it has two cam profiles - with the proper goggles on the lens, mounted on the M3 (and other M bodies, I believe) this second cam allows rangefinder-coupled focusing to the nearest distance of 20".