Geography does matter when it comes to street photography, in my opinion.
I consider myself geographically challenged but I realise that it may mean that I would have to work significantly harder to get a more interesting image than those in more exotic (in the loosest sense of the word) locales.
Shooting in somewhere like Hong Kong or Shinjuku does not guarantee fantastic pictures, however they arguably provide a richer palette from which to draw inspiration. Perhaps less so for people who live there, perhaps?
You can take photos of buskers, people who sell balloons, people on their mobiles, the homeless, street performers, people carrying shopping and the back of peoples head (I have been guilty of all of these) absolutely anywhere, but if you want to push yourself, to shoot something other than what are essentially street clichés, then it certainly helps to be in a location that potentially offers more and is more alien to more people.
Maybe.