I've been a photographer nearly my whole life and learned the basics at a summer program at the same School where I currenty teach photography, computer graphics and fine art foundations. i've exhibited work in Museums and galleries nearly every year since 1981. All the while, I ran my own graphic design and photography business. I made two kinds of work, what we used to call commercial and personal. Every photographer I knew did. All that said, I finally came to realize one day at 47 years old, that I had never really "art" until then. I never thought what I was doing before that was not art making, but when my ubique personal vision finally arrived, out of nowhere, I actually saw the difference. Everything I had done before then was just practice. When you are actually making "art," you know it. If you have any doubt, you're probably not. That doesn't mean others can't experience anything you do as "art," but that's about them, not you.
The "art world" can be viewed like horse racing. Horses are the art, jockeys are the artists, stable owners are the galleries, and oddsmakers and analists are the critics. In horseracing only the jockey has a direct impact on the horse's performnce. In the "art world," everybody after the artist exerts influence and pressure that would be patently illegal in horseracing. Hence the reason for the impression of corruption in the "art world."
Based on my experience making "fine art photography," I offer this: photography documents whatever we put in front of our camera, "art photgraphy" documents our unique personal vision of it.
Of course, a lot of what is presented as "fine art Photography" is actually emulation of the unique personal vision of others, art that looks like what art is supposed to look like, but you see that in every creative form. Photography is not alone in this. Success has emulation as a natural side effect. It's a ligitimate pursuit while you wait for your unique personal vision to arrive.
The attitude that calling the work you make "fine art photography" is somehow always pretentious, isn't very useful. At the very least, saying that you are a "fine art photographer" tells everyone your goal, your intent, how you would like the work tht you do to be appreciated and received. It shouldn't be a basis for criticism as some always seem to want to make it.