The Canon Self-Extension Adapter is much more common than the PC adapter stesm posted, it goes to "Edison" (household) socket. It's fairly chunky in size.
I have a Canon side rail adapter made by Minicam, which went to some screwy two-pin socket they used. I took it apart, and stole a PC socket from a parts camera, drilled a hole in the bakelite, glued the socket in, and soldered it up.
As for X-sync, most, but not all, Canon side-rail screwmount cameras have X-sync. Canon was proud of offering flashbulb and X-sync via one external connector, and had a patent on their clever design. Some of the economy models only have flashbulb sync. (Value pricing 1950's-style.) So long as there's red X's on the shutter speed dial(s), you have X-sync.
However, the only flash I've used with my Canons is 26B bulbs in a Canon Flash Y. Really makes an impression on folks who grew up in the "teeny flash on a point-and-shoot" era. Ka-poom!