I've got several Zeiss folders in different formats. In 6x6 I have the Nettar 517/16 w. Novar 4.5.
On this and most ZIs, there are two ways to fit filters. One is to find a slip-on filter adapter to fit the outside diameter of the lens. The other is to find the slip in adapter VictorM mentions. This fits in the groove on the front of the lens.
On some lenses, including the Novar on my 517/16, the slip on adapter (around the front of the lens, not the slip in adapter) would easily interfere with the distance index on the lens.
i have not found a simple source for the slip in adapters -- any clues would be appreciated.
For the slip on adapters, one place I have found them consistently is on that auction site -- either specific ones, or often people will have a lot of assorted filters, retaining rings, and adapters for peanuts. No guarantee of the size you need.
You would need a filter adapter of correct size (indicated both by series and by diameter -- ie you want, on my lens a 35mm Series V slip on or a 31.5mm Series V)
a filter, and a retaining ring. Ideally, you would want a shade also. I think VictorM is also right that a Series VI would do.
For the film speed issue. If you shoot color, look for a Series V two stop neutral density
filter (takes 400 speed down to 100). If you shoot B&W, you can also play with yellow and orange filters.