how can take picture without exposure meter?

Several good links there. Good work guys. Hey, that slide rule thing could be "adjusted" to fit whatever "slightly different quirks" each individual camera my need addressed. Make a different one for each unit. Arggghhh! Another project!!
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I've never found in-camera meters to be nearly as accurate as a hand-held incident light meter. Once you get used to "sunny 16" and its variables, that can also be more accurate than an in-camera meter. I used to use an old incident meter that I kept crammed in my pocket. It died about five years ago (too much pocket lint?) and I keep thinking I'll get a replacement. In the meantime, using "sunny 16" and its variables, I don't think I've blown a single important exposure (mostly on color print and B+W film, both of which have a lot of exposure lattitude).
VinceC.
 
I usually use sunny 16 as a starting point then open up or overexpose two stops since most older camera shutters don't fire 100% accurately any more. Plus I prefer the look myself.
 
Most of my interchangeable lens RF's do not have built in exposure meters. With those I pack and use a Weston Master II (model 735) or Weston Master 715. These 50 and 60 year old meters give as accurate results as they ever did. I use those for starting points, and often meter off of my hand oriented at the same angle to the sun as my subjects to get exposure values. Usually I'll open up a stop over what the meter advises. I use the Canon 7, with its built in Selenium meter, the same way. I usually end up with 1 stop more exposure than the Sunny-16 rule would call for. Color Negative film, as mentioned before, has a lot of latitude. I seem to get better overall results when over-exposed by 1/2 to 1 stop.
 
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