So, what are you referring to when you say -in photography- technique?
Technique is
any body of knowledge that can be applied in a
systematic and
reproducible way to alter the outcome of a process.
Technique includes sharpness or tonal range or MTF. It includes understanding lens distortion and classical perspective. It includes understanding diffraction, and how to obtain or suppress shadow detail, and having at least a good intuitive idea of your film's or sensor's dynamic range.
Technique also encompasses knowing how to hand-hold the camera steadily at slow shutter speeds, knowing in advance how much flare your lens is going to give you when you point it into the sun, and knowing without thinking how to meter for that situation. Technique includes being able to estimate distances by eye, setting focus by touch, and knowing what a 65° field of view encompasses without looking through the finder.
Technique includes training your finger to compensate for shutter lag, if your camera has a long lag. Technique includes knowing what your own finger's lag time is, and being able to compensate. Technique includes knowing when a yellow filter would be useful. Technique includes being able to follow-focus on a moving person on the street, using an SLR or a rangefinder or a mirrorless camera. Technique includes knowing when your meter is lying to you, and it includes looking for lint in your camera's film gate.
Technique includes understanding the relationship between exposure and development, and (if you shoot color) a tremendous amount about film and sensor responses, white balance, and color spaces. Technique is using motion blur. Technique is learning to walk through the street and point the camera straight into someone's face without him even noticing or reacting.
Again: Technique is
any body of knowledge that can be applied in a
systematic and
reproducible way to alter the outcome of a process.
Technique is not orthodoxy. Rather, it's any
reliable and
re-usable information about process that can help you get where you're trying to go.
Generally, what technique
cannot do is tell you where you're trying to go.
Any given photographer need not know all aspects of photographic technique. But (almost) every really good photographer relies on a tremendous amount of practical knowledge (technique) to get from what they see in the world to what's on display.