I can't say that I have any particular knowledge of the technical reasons, but my thoughts are that one of the virtues of CCD over CMOS is that the resulting scan is less noisy and requires less processing. Camera makers typically put a lot of time and investment into the processors in the cameras, which deal with the complexities of removing noise from signal. Scanners tend to be lower complexity, with minimal to no real computing power; they're more industrial in that sense, and a CCD works well for that, needing much less processing power.
CMOS uses less power than CCD, which makes them more suitable for a portable environment like a camera, where battery life is important, and less useful to a scanner, which is typically drawing power from local current sources.
I am told that CCD sensors also have individual lenses, and have relatively higher depth-of-field and less focus type issues; again, this favors CMOS for cameras and CCD for scanners.
Just some thoughts - I do not claim any kind of expertise here. I could well be quite wrong and welcome correction.