Personally, Kubrick's attention to detail, composition, and shot planning is always meticulous but it seems like many here already agree so I'll throw another name into the mix instead:
The Coen Brothers, or more specifically, Roger Deakins (their cinematographer). My favorites include No Country For Old Men, The Big Lebowski (there's some CGI in there but most of the shots are CG-free), A Serious Man, and Burn After Reading. All great films, with great visual style as well IMHO.
Also, Michel Gondry and Ellen Kuras in Be Kind Rewind, Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, and Michel Gondry's The Science of Sleep (not sure of the cinematographer for that last one but for me it's the working definition of how CGI makes directors excessively lazy in the creativity dept).