Your description suggests the problem is with the lens. Does the stopdown pin on the lens move in and out freely? The pin sticks out of the base of the lens and is operated by the actuating arm inside the camera body. When you fire the shutter, the first thing that happens is that the actuating arm flies forward tapping this pin and closing the lens down to its operating aperture. Then the shutter normally fires. If the pin does not move because the aperture is sticky this could conceivably prevent the shutter from completing its firing cycle.
To check, remove the lens from the camera and press the pin on the base of the lens with your finger. Is it moving freely? It sounds to me to possibly be a problem with this pin. If the stopdown lever is actuated it this could alleviate the issue occuring just as you have described. (I was an avid Spotmatic user but have gone digital and its a while so I cant recall all of the details right now).
Takumar lenses can get gummed up causing the aperture to operate slowly or not at all. I have not heard of or experienced myself, the specific problem you are describing, but it could be related to this as a sticky aperture is quite common with old Takumar lenses.