Rangefinder/slr History

>>Exakta produced the first 35mm SLR in 1936. <<

Yes; But it didn't have instant-return mirror and didn't have Pentaprism. I recall reading an article somewhere that the non-instant-return mirror models of the early and mid-1950s were popular with professionals for their zoom and close-focus ability. Jimmy Stewart plays a professional photographer in "Rear Window" mid-1950s, and he's using some now-obsolete SLR with a telephoto and non-return mirror.
 
VinceC said:
>>Exakta produced the first 35mm SLR in 1936. <<

Yes; But it didn't have instant-return mirror and didn't have Pentaprism. I recall reading an article somewhere that the non-instant-return mirror models of the early and mid-1950s were popular with professionals for their zoom and close-focus ability. Jimmy Stewart plays a professional photographer in "Rear Window" mid-1950s, and he's using some now-obsolete SLR with a telephoto and non-return mirror.

In 1950 they introduced the eye-level pentaprism. Maybe that made a difference.

R.J.
 
GeneW said:
1. versatility: wide angle to long tele to macro with good viewing

2. reliability: the Nikon F in particular set high standards for reliability and durability in tough environments

3. fashion: the 'cool' factor

Gene

I think that has a lot to do with it, Gene. I've read that when Hasselblads first became cool, Rolleiflexes became uncool.

R.J.
 
Can't dismiss the 'cool' factor.

Also, lots of professionals at this point had Nikon RF gear. The handling of the Nikon F was identical to the RF cameras. So it was easy to add an SLR body (under peer pressure from all the other 'cool' photogs who already had an SLR) while continuing to shoot both systems for awhile.
 
Nikon developed its excellent macro-50mm lens back in the 1950s, when there was nothing to put it on but an RF camera. They quickly brought it out in F mount in the 1960s.
 
In 1950 they introduced the eye-level pentaprism. Maybe that made a difference.

R.J.[/QUOTE]


Yes, eye-level pentaprism with right-side-up, non-mirror image view also helped. Contax S introduced a fixed pentaprism in 1949.
 
So what interests me is how Nikon went from this state of being so pre-eminent amongst the SLR world, to being merely one of the big players (let's not start the Canon-Nikon-Pentax-whatever discussion...)

Did they do something really wrong to let Canon et al pull alongside them?

Cheers
Jamie
 
I have seen the theory posited a few times in print that Nikon made it big in the 60s and 70s by producing outstanding products, and by working very hard to cultivate professional photographers. The theory continues that the link to professionals was a big factor in the appeal of the Nikon system to ordinary camera-buying folks. According to this theory, Nikon's success in this arena prompted Canon to aggressively pursue the pro market in a big way in the 80s. Canon is more than likely the biggest player to day in the realm of professional sports photography, and probably other fields as well, and is certainly the overall leader in camera sales, with Nikon in second place. I think that it sounds plausible... many camera ads still rely on endorsements from pro photographers.

In any case, I think that marketing is a big factor. After all, all the of the major camera makers produce excellent products, but the marketing is what prompts people to choose one flavor over another.
 
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Another argument I found in a late sixties Leica book:
With the R-system (read SLR) one can make and observe all adjustments without taking the camera from the eye, making this type of camera more suitable for the photographer that pays attention to composition and perspective.The M system is more suited to perfectionists that are sufficiently advanced to be able to use the more complicated Visoflex. These users can appreciate the scientific (!) value of a free choice between RF or matte screen.


In a way this is true, the RF is more suited to users that are at least slightly advanced, whereas a SLR is easier for the beginner.
 
VinceC said:
>>Exakta produced the first 35mm SLR in 1936. <<

Yes; But it didn't have instant-return mirror and didn't have Pentaprism. I recall reading an article somewhere that the non-instant-return mirror models of the early and mid-1950s were popular with professionals for their zoom and close-focus ability. Jimmy Stewart plays a professional photographer in "Rear Window" mid-1950s, and he's using some now-obsolete SLR with a telephoto and non-return mirror.

He was using an Exacta, but the logo on pentaprism was taped over, ??!! probably for other reasons than Leica M users are hidding Red Dots on their M's now. 🙄 Telephoto was 400mm f/5.6, but I don't remember the lens' manufacturer, I guess it was made in Eastern Germany...

And flash bulbs in the Jimmy's hands had very important role to play in that movie.

with kind regards...
 
Taping over camera logos used to be pretty common for photojournalists. I did it with my Nikon SLRs because people I was photographing kept trying to read the logo, then got into "oh, you've got a Nikon" conversations, then wanted to compare camera makes. I put black tape over the Nikon logo and suddenly it became a generic camera that didn't grab nearly as much attention and didn't lead to those conversations.
 
I know that Leicas were used with wide angle lenses cause they are easier to focus then on an slr - but the death blow for leica use in proffesional mainstream journalism was autofocus slrs.
 
dexdog said:
I have seen the theory posited a few times in print that Nikon made it big in the 60s and 70s by producing outstanding products, and by working very hard to cultivate professional photographers. The theory continues that the link to professionals was a big factor in the appeal of the Nikon system to ordinary camera-buying folks. According to this theory, Nikon's success in this arena prompted Canon to aggressively pursue the pro market in a big way in the 80s. Canon is more than likely the biggest player to day in the realm of professional sports photography, and probably other fields as well, and is certainly the overall leader in camera sales, with Nikon in second place. I think that it sounds plausible... many camera ads still rely on endorsements from pro photographers.

In any case, I think that marketing is a big factor. After all, all the of the major camera makers produce excellent products, but the marketing is what prompts people to choose one flavor over another.

I remember when in Vietnam and I was looking for a "new" camera to replace my folders and Minolta 16, I used to pore over the PX catalog, comparing different brands and what I thought were their good and bad points. When I compared the Nikon to the Canon, it was clear that Canon forced you to buy accessories that others, including Nikon, included with the camera. That increased the cost. Turned me off to them in a big way. Even into the 70s, my personal recollection is that Nikon was more successful at marketing to the pros, and turning that into marketing to amatures. By the late 70s Canon began to win that, especially with telephotos. The shot and bruhaha of Kissinger's classified documents didn't hurt Canon a bit. By the 80s, Minolta was making inroads into both areas with their autofocus which they bought from Pentax, and if I recall, some Olympus Patents also. Olympus made inroads with Pros in the 70s but tried to rely on quality over marketing to sell their cameras. That doesn't always work well, and it didn't for them. Pentax also had a bit of the pro market, but wasn't marketing well either, and so lost whatever they might have gotten from that. Part of that marketing, by the way, was big time support/catering to the pros. What saved the pros money was obviously going to be a big factor in choice. Other brands than Nikon and Canon that weren't willing to do that weren't going to get as big a market share.

My recollections and two cents. Oh, what I ended up buying in Vietnam; a Yashica TL Super, the poor man's Nikon. Rugged, terrific lenses, little marketing to pros.
 
Bill Ely said:
Could any of you historians out there provide a brief background as to why there was such an abandonment of the rangefinder in favor of SLR cameras in the late 1950s/early 1960s?
Bill Ely

Bill,

in general all camera designs are a compromise and have limitations but RF cameras have more limitations than SLRs seen from an average pros POV. The total shift to SLR proofs it.
I doubt btw that any of them bought an SLR to look cool, that’s an amateur attitude.

What I haven’t seen mentioned here is the hassle of focusing with external finders for wides and super wides and their parallax prob, which counts at least as much as the prob with the tele lenses longer than 90mm and the lack of macro.
Not everybody finds Visoflex great . 🙂

Also things like interchangeable finders and screens, for example using a grid on the screen for controlling converging lines and the easy use of pol filters. Zooms suddenly got possible and were later an important part of the SLR concept.

Most of all I think the sensation of looking TTL and the WYSIWYG effect contributed to the shift to SLR, though the finders in those days were partly terrible dark and grainy, no Fresnel, metering stopped down, poor focussing aids. Nonetheless the RF photogs are a minority today also because the very most people find it easier to compose on a SLR screen than with the help of bright lines.

And when the screens got brighter and less grainy the SLRs could be used in low light or in the dark too and at the latest when they got as small as a Oly OM or a Pentax the RF concept was out of biz.

Excepted some amateur aficionados and pros who like the RF enuff to use it whenever it has clear advantages compared to the SLR . Most of them use SLR parallel tho, for the mentioned reasons.

bertram
 
It's about bokeh

It's about bokeh

Bill Ely said:
Could any of you historians out there provide a brief background as to why there was such an abandonment of the rangefinder in favor of SLR cameras in the late 1950s/early 1960s? Photojournalists/war photographers, etc. really seemed to embrace the SLRs about that time, and I've never understood exactly why. Was it reliability? Better selection of lenses/accessories? Cost?

I know that some such professionals continued with the rangefinder (predominately Leica), but the shift to the SLR was dramatic.

Thanks, in advance, for the little history lesson!

Bill Ely
The image through an SLR is more beautiful than the image in a rangefinder, because it shows you the out of focus area (bokeh) exactly as you'll see it on the finished picture. You can't see the bokeh in a rangefinder. The first SLRs like the Exakta and the Contax D were rather dim. Other SLRs like the Contarex & Contaflexes only went out of focus in the central spot, so you didn't see the bokeh across the entire image. The Nikon F was really the first professional quality SLR to show you a bright image that went out of focus through the entire screen. Also, the Nikon F showed you 100 % of the image on the screen.
 
copake_ham said:
Oh and yes, they sent the "F" to the Moon (together with the MF Hassleblad - just so we don't restart THAT thread!) :angel:
Yes, long after John Glenn took a Minolta Hi-Matic rangefinder into Mercury in 1962 😀
 
>>I doubt btw that any of them bought an SLR to look cool, that’s an amateur attitude.<<

I'd say being a news photographer is one of the few professions where many many members really like looking cool. Actually, Bohemian "anti-cool" with lots of beat-up gear and plenty of attitude in, say, clothes selection and haircut. Having the latest gear shows you're on the cutting edge, working for a good outfit and can get the best. Having beat-up gear shows you've been around. Having beat-up cutting edge gear is the epitome of cool, because you're all of the above, plus you've REALLY been around. People who take pictures for a living are just as human as the rest of us.
 
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