Robert Capa wasn't Robert Capa

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Capa and Gerda were lovers and she was his muse. And yes it was Gerda Taro (to use the name she adopted) who encouraged him to adopt the name Robert Capa. Cleverly they found that when dealing with newspapers and agencies if she was selling his and her pictures they paid them a pittance but if she told them that this was the work of the great war photographer Robert Capa" she could demand a higher price. I think quite a few of Taro's pictures were credited as Capa's for this very reason. But this - the great war photographer, is the person that Capa grew into being.

When she was killed-accidentally being run over by a tank in the Spanish Civil War he was heart broken even though (or perhaps because) their relationship was complicated. I had the distinct impression that Capa was the pursuer of Taro not the other way around. I often think that this is part of the reason Capa became the man he did - a devil may care ladies man who could never settle down with one woman because he could never replace her. Maybe that's a bit fanciful but there is more than an element of truth in it and I think her early death is also a reason why he later adopted the policy of, if not seeking his own death, at least being blase about it.

Both were Jews, he from Hungary - she from Poland and I think they met in Paris. I cant say if or how much this affected their work but what does seem clear is that both supported the Republicans against Franco's crew in the Spanish War.

I have a few books on them - biography and photo books. One of the better ones is "Blood and Champagne" which just about sums up Capa's professional life. This reminds me I have not read them for a few years. I should get them out and read them closely once more.

One reason I relate to him is that my dad was from Budapest (although of a younger generation than Capa). Like Capa he had Jewish ancestry and if truth be told was also bit of a ladies man. What a "mensch" they both were. Real old fashioned men - but obviously not without their flaws.

Another story about Capa I like is one in which Henri Cartier Bresson was asked about Capa's role at Magnum. He responded (a little sniffily) "We go out and make the money - he spends it." But it was essentially true as Capa loved nothing more than to use the firms revenue for his own personal uses even though it was a collaborative effort. I gain the impression that much of the expenditure was spent on living up to the name of the firm Magnum as buying Magnums of fine French champagne was one of his favourite purchases.
 
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Amazing. Unfortunately Gerda Pohorylle is mostly forgotten today, but this story will go a long way to give her the credit she deserves.
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Fortunately she's actually not forgotten, in my hometown a street was named after her - the Tarostraße in Leipzig.
 
Shorter names are better marketable than longer names also I am sure that there are thousands if not millions of Friedmann or Zimmermann but only very few Capas, Taros and Dylans. Regarding the jewish angle many publishers at that beginning of Capa/Taro's career at least in Europe were Jewish. But at the same time antisemitism was also very much alive at that time and not only in Germany and Austria but in the rest of Europe and in the US as well. Arabs and Chinese were also considered subhuman beeings by the Colonialspowers so everyone with a distinctive name was better of changing it. Regarding name changes Stalin and Hitler changed their names for marketing purposes as well.
 
Yes, Schaber's book is also available in French.

There is a newer biography titled "L'ombre d'une photographe, Gerda Taro" (The shadow of a photographer,...) by François Maspero, published in 2006. There are English and Spanish editions too. This is an excellent book and a good complement to Schaber's.

...and thanks for that, too. Must see if I can find it.

EDIT - found easily brand-new on Amazon.ca. 🙂
 
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A lot of people changed their names for political reasons. My grandfather's name was Oskar Heilmann. He changed it to Jeff Heilman while he was in the Army during the war. Made life so much easier. (He also took hundreds of photos and mailed them home. My mother has then squirrelled away somewhere in her home. At some point I plan to put a biography together of his life, using those pics.

Do this now. "some point" can all too quickly become "too late". Trust me on this one.
 
Do this now. "some point" can all too quickly become "too late". Trust me on this one.

The boxes of photos and letters are well buried in my father's (rip) stuff. I've only seen them once, many years ago. Extracting them now would be disruptive, so I will wait until the time is right.
 
If you think I'm Jew bashing go jump. All I was saying is Caravaggio would have made it even if he didn't change his name. But maybe not Bobby Dylan nee Zimmerman.

No one, not even me, said you were Jew bashing. You could take that and go jump. There were many reasons people changed their names. The times then were difficult for many people between the wars. Anti-semitism was extremely ripe in Europe and I'm sure that partly figured into Mr. Friedmann's decision. But just changing his name was only part of that story.

The persona of Robert Capa was a total fabrication not just in name. He was supposedly a rich, famous American photographer. A thoroughly constructed personality that his publisher back in Paris was fully aware of. It helped him sell magazines.
 
No one, not even me, said you were Jew bashing. You could take that and go jump. There were many reasons people changed their names. The times then were difficult for many people between the wars. Anti-semitism was extremely ripe in Europe and I'm sure that partly figured into Mr. Friedmann's decision. But just changing his name was only part of that story.

The persona of Robert Capa was a total fabrication not just in name. He was supposedly a rich, famous American photographer. A thoroughly constructed personality that his publisher back in Paris was fully aware of. It helped him sell magazines.

... I don't think it was antisemitism or an attack on Capa himself ... just an opportunity to disrespect Dylan, or His Bobness as I prefer to call him 😀
 
Do this now. "some point" can all too quickly become "too late". Trust me on this one.

Boy is this true. We always wanted to record my old man's stories from old Budapest during and after the war. His stories, Oh my God! He was not especially a photographer but the oral history was wonderful.
 
OK willing to go with you on this one but I definitely read she was Polish. Another part of the self created myth?

Until WWII, a lot of German citizens were ethnic Poles. This is because Prussia's territory included large swaths of historically Polish territory. Most Polish Germans lived in these areas of eastern Germany (Silesia, East Prussia), but because they were German citizens they could move anywhere they wanted and some did live in western German cities like Stuttgart.

I know nothing about the woman we're discussing, she may or may not be Polish, but it was possible for a Polish person to have been born in Germany in her time.
 
OK willing to go with you on this one but I definitely read she was Polish. Another part of the self created myth?

I know nothing about the woman we're discussing, she may or may not be Polish, but it was possible for a Polish person to have been born in Germany in her time.

Maybe some of our German (or Polish) fellows can help here. Looking at historical maps, in 1910, from Stuttgart you had to cross at least three different territories (Bavaria, Bohemia, Silesia) to arrive to the Kingdom of Poland.

Her parents were from the Austrian Galicia, ruled at that time by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and (King of) Hungary, so, by blood, someone can say she was Austro-Hungarian.

The Kingdom of Poland was under the rule of the Russian Empire at that time.

OTOH, Stuttgart was so German that even was the capital city of the Republic of Weimar (for a few days).

Anyway, even Kershaw says she was German! (but we already know he's not very trustworthy)

BTW, Happy New Year to all !!!
 
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Until WWII, a lot of German citizens were ethnic Poles. This is because Prussia's territory included large swaths of historically Polish territory. Most Polish Germans lived in these areas of eastern Germany (Silesia, East Prussia), but because they were German citizens they could move anywhere they wanted and some did live in western German cities like Stuttgart.

I know nothing about the woman we're discussing, she may or may not be Polish, but it was possible for a Polish person to have been born in Germany in her time.

I think you are correct. I have done a little more research. In the book "Gerda Taro" published by the International Centre of Photography 2008, it is stated that while she was born in Stuttgart, her parents had previously immigrated there from Galicia. A little more research reveals that this area of Eastern Europe is in the present day Ukraine - but was before this part of Poland. This is corroborated by other references which state that her parents were Galician Jews who had migrated to Germany. This is an article which specifically refers to her as a being born in Stuttgart to a family of "Polish Jews". http://jewishquarterly.org/2008/12/out-of-the-shadows-a-life-of-gerda-taro/

According to an entry in Wjkipedia about Galician Jewry "As of 1920, Galicia passed to Poland. The Polish government prohibited both Galician Jews and Ukrainians from working in the state enterprises, institutions, railway, post, telegraph etc. These measures were applied in their strictest form. Galician Jews and Ukrainians experienced ethnic oppression by undergoing a forceful Polonization."

One imagines that this provided plenty of reason for those who could do so, to migrate to what was then the more civilized Germany. This would particularly be the case for middle class Galician Jews like her family who would have been disadvantaged most by the measures referred to and of course most able to fit into an advanced country like Germany. Of course in the 1920s few would have foreseen the coming of Nazism and all it entailed. Incidentally similar measures were taken in Hungary in the 1920s to "Magyarize" the country with severe restrictions being applied to Jews in that country.

Another brief article about inventing Capa. http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/02/gerda-taro-inventing-robert-capa-review

And another good link about their love affair http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/may/13/robert-capa-gerda-taro-relationship

All of which sets me thinking that it would be good for photographers visiting Paris to visit her grave at the Pere Lachaise Cemetery to pay their respects. It certainly has set me thinking of doing this. If anyone should decide to do this I suggest taking a stone to place on her grave. Its a very old Jewish custom which signifies the permanence of the memory of the departed.

BTW reference my comment in an earlier post about Capa, this quote is interesting "There was one man who never forgot her. Although Capa had many affairs with glamorous women, including Ingrid Bergman and Vivien Leigh, Taro would remain the love of his life. He never got over her loss, saying that, when she died, his own life 'came to a kind of end'." Another reference claimed that when she died, Capa locked himself in his room for a fortnight. The friend said that Andre Friedman went into the room but Robert Capa came out. It seems that in a sense her death helped create "Capa the great photographer" and kind of reinforces my feeling that his sadness over his loss followed him throughout his days and was in part responsible for how he comported himself.

This is a guy who attracted the attention of some of the most desirable and beautiful women in the world including Ingrid Bergman who was ready to divorce her husband to be with him if he would settle down with her. Of course he would not. There are stories about Capa in 1948 at the birth of Israel during battles for the creation of the new state being spotted in no mans land with a beautiful young Sabra one night making love in the middle of a damn war. Quite a character.
 
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