The best, most consistently good composition and highest hit ratio I had was around 15 years ago with a M3 and IIIf. I had a Sekonic 308 and tried to incident meter the shady and sunny sides of the street to get a feel for exposure range. Then I worked with that range by nudging the shutter speed up or down a notch. No need to look at the dial as the funny click around 1/50th let me know where I was by feel. Yes, I was one of those who complained with the M6 TTL which changed the direction of the shutter speed dial -- shame on you Leica! Also I played the game to see how good my guesses were against the meter to get better and better at predicting. So when I shot, the exposures turned out fine. I suppose in hind sight, I might have missed some shots where I didn't have time to meter and didn't want to burn a frame on a quick exposure guess. But the discipline did make me a much more aware shooter and hence the better composition. Funny enough, I started to stray away from the M3 as being too big and went often with my IIIf which is a better camera because it's smaller and pocketable with the 50 elmar. I only brought it out to shoot -- very quick in and out as the exposure I already knew and pre-set -- perhaps a nudge on shutter speed. Also my indoor base was ISO 400 (TMAX) with f2 and 1/60th. I memorised what that indoor light was like and opened up further where needed down to as low as 1/15th on occasion with hand shake bracketing.
Closely related to this is getting to know your one (or two) lenses. How they behave in certain light and how they focus. The digital has been great for this as we learn about focus shift. Tabbed lenses help here to know roughly where you are in a way non tabbed lenses don't. In that sense it's hard to beat the tabbed 35 and 50 crons for ergonomics.
I suppose the best would be to learn your lens on digital to really get a feel for how it behaves in all situations. But then shoot on an old M3 and get into the exposure routine.
Now I've fallen into a bad habit of ignoring exposure on my M240. If it's darker, I open as wide as I can, set the ISO to something that's ballpark, and then let the automation choose the shutter speed. If I notice the shutter speed is slow and hence will be blurry, I increase the ISO. So it's taken years to bond with digital Ms, but I'm getting there.
But film is gone for me as I don't have the time for the dev and scanning and I'm too cheap to accept the high cost of outsourcing that. And if you don't do the manual exposure and know your lens all the time you lose quite a bit of that instinct.