Uh, he died in 2004, mind you. Digital cameras at this point were widely available, he could use one if he wanted.
Case closed.
Hadn't he given up photography some time before?
And isn't the
real question some way from what HCB would have done? Or Julia Margaret Cameron or Doisneau or anyone else, really? Isn't it closer to, "Are there any great photographers using film today," in which case the answer is surely 'yes', or "Are there any great photographers using digital today," in which case the answer is also 'yes'.
HCB used a relatively new and untried technology with the Leica. Willy Ronis switched from Rollei to Foca and then Pentax in the 1950s. Yes, there are always great photographers who choose a particular medium/ camera/ format for the look it gives, but my suspicion is that they always look at what's available; at what's easiest to use; at what'll come closest to what they want; at what they can afford (not a problem in HCB's case); and then choose the best compromise.
To pretend that all of the greats of the past would have made exactly the same compromises, now that digital is in the mix, is patently nonsensical.
Of course some (probably most, in my view) would choose digital, simply because an awful lot of photographers, even good ones, stick with mainstream technologies. Equally, others don't. Which is why I can't answer the poll.
Phrase it in terms of "Should we use film because HCB did," and although it's a slightly more useful debate, the answer is still "Of course not. Use what you're happy with."
Somewhere in here, though, there is almost certainly a question worth asking. I just don't think that the OP found it, and I certainly haven't been able to phrase it right. But for me, RFF is currently displacement activity from writing some fiction, which is much harder work.
Cheers,
R.