Paul,
On the X100 MF mode is similar to AF-S mode in that MF mode is (in practice) just a different way to autofocus. Focus is initiated with the AFL button. Then you can use the finder's focus scale and/or the focus zoom feature to check the focus. I rely on the focus lock audio beep too. In MF mode, the focus frame does not turn green. Small adjustments to focus can be made by manually rotating the lens collar. Focusing with only the lens collar is useful when using the rear LCD screen during macro work. Otherwise use the AFL button to initially set focus. Unlike AF-S mode, a shutter half-press will not change the focus in MF mode. Also, the focus frame size can not be reduced.
In the example you show, it is possible to focus and recompose in AF-S mode without using focus lock. Just focus on the face. When focus is confirmed, press the shutter half way and keep it pressed. Then recompose and press all the way to take the photo. This method also locks exposure when you are in AE or S exposure modes.
Using the focus lock button does have an advantage. When the AFL button is set to lock focus only, the exposure is not locked in AE or S mode.