Amazing stuff for that time... Some of that same concept is still used in making dye-transfer prints, the first step of which is making three color-separation negatives on black & white film, one each through red blue or green color process filters.
Some of the color artifacts we see in these photos I think are due to physical damage and/or defects in the emulsions on the glass plates. But other color fringing and the colored ripples in the water are due to the sequential nature of the exposures. Anything that has moved between the exposures will be a little different on at least one of the three negs.
Years ago I did some experimental shots using color process filters to make three exposures on the same color neg, each exposure with a different color filter. The total exposure resulted in correct-color... except for things that had moved between exposures. I got that same color ripple effect on the water in a stream, and oddly colored rocks and leaves I'd taken away or added between shots.
I recognize the same effects in the Russian photos; some of the people didn't remain still during the three-exposure process, water rippled, grasses moved in the wind, etc.