Hi Mario.S, and welcome to the forum.
In general, you can speak of modern lenses and older lenses. The modern ones are a bit sharper and have more contrast, and show less flare because of modern lens coating. The older ones have lower contrast but can be sharp too... I don't think (just my perception) that Salgado's shots can be related to any kind of lens... Your photographs will be basically the same with any good lens or brand, and the lens you pick will do nothing -for your shots- that any other lens couldn't do, if you talk about sharpness... More important and real life factors are others like size or speed... A wonderful photograph through the years, decades and centuries never depends on the tool used, but on the photographer's skills and aesthetics, so those are the fields we should grow inside us, more than the equipment we use... Anyway it looks like you want a look close to pictorialism, so older, softer lenses can help a bit there... What camera will you put that lens on? A collapsible 50mm Elmar 3.5 from Leica is the classic one... It can make a very small and flat camera... And I have seen both dreamy and ultrasharp images from that lens... It's not too fast, but with modern films it's enough for most situations both on sunny and overcast days...
Cheers,
Juan