For an alternative to PS: Did you look into
Affinity? I have not much experience with PS, but I have Affinity and think, it is a solid program. Many reviewers say, it is a good alternative to PS.
For the features of LR: I think, currently the mix of functions is more or less unique, although you can puzzle them together with several programs. But this approach is then missing the good integration - which IMHO is the main selling point until now for LR. The important parts are well integrated and you have a more or less consistent workflow for everything. For each single feature, there are several competitors, that do it better, but they all lack the integration of the right feature-mix.
I use LR since quite some time, but always wasn't very happy with many decisions by Adobe. I accept the reasons, why people think, the subscription-model is acceptable or even an advantage for them. I, humbly, don't care, I just don't like it. For many reasons.
That is, why I started to build my own DAM. - First step, DAM only, but with a simple SW-architecture that focuses on flexibility and expandability. So maybe later I add other features , that I think, I need or want. - Since I'm a computer scientist and software-engineer (started programming over 30 years ago, studied computer science and have been a professional in this area for nearly 20 years now), I think, I know what I'm doing and what I will be able to achieve alone and where I will need help.
It will start small, but watch me, Adobe...
😀
Suggestion welcome...