In his review of the Zeiss Ikon, Erwin says that the rangefinder design is similar to that of the M3 & different than that of the rangefinder design used on every other Leica M camera.
I was intrigued by this statement & looked elsewhere on his webite (
www.imx.nl) for more information on the topic. Relevant explanations can be found in 2 articles in his Leica Pages- "Choosing Leica M Cameras" in the M-System section and "Rangefinder from M3 to M7" in the Engineering Section. Included was information on why the new design (M2 & thereafter) was more flare prone than the M3, but otherwise these articles actually raised more questions:
1. Why does he describe the M3 rangefinder mechanism at one point as "very sensitive to shocks & abuses" but later as a "very durable mechanism that hardly needs adjustment"?
2. He says that Leica replaced the M3 rangefinder with a different one because the earlier one was only effective with focal lengths of 50 mm & longer, but could not accomodate the wider angles of shorter lenses. If so, how was Carl Zeiss able to base their rangefinder on the M3 design when the ZI is used with a viewfinder that accomodates lenses as short as 28 mm & their accompanying wide angle views?
I posed these questons to Carl Zeiss AG & today received a long & detailed e-mail from their Engineering Dept. Here are some excerpts fro that e-mail:
In reply to question #1: "The optical path of the M3 rangefinder was more complex than that of the later Leica models. It contained 3 prisms for beam deflection while all later Leica models have just one. Such a more complex system is more elaborate to adjust during assembly, and at least theoretically the risk of misalignment by later mechanical stress of the camera is higher. . . (But) a theoretical risk is not necessarily a real problem if things are well made. It is more an academic issue. The long product lifetime of the M3 from 1954 to 1967 suggests that it was a reliable piece. And it was in the '60s, that the Nikon F and a Leica M were the regular companions of photojournalists going to rough places.
In reply to question #2: "The M2 finder, which is basically still used today, was cost saving by its ingenious simplicity. But it is not true that the basic advantages of the optical path of the M3 cannot be combined with the larger viewing angles of the main finder, as the Zeiss Ikon is proof.
"This camera (ZI) uses again the basic layout of the M3 rangefinder path with the 3 beam deflections by 90 degrees. It has a similarity to the M3, but it is not a copy of the M3 rangefinder, as it uses different types of prisms to produce an upright image, and a different way to control the rangefinder viewing angle, and it has a different merging point of the view to the bright-line frames and the view to the rangefinder window.
"One difference which the camera user will notice: the rangefinder patch of the ZI does not move with the parallax compensation of the frames, but keeps its position on the optical axis.
"One basic idea of the M3 rangefinder is as well used in the Zeiss Ikon: the frame mask is parallel & close to the illumination window. . . Thus, the Zeiss Ikon shares with the M3 a very low tendency for rangefinder flare. In all non-M3 Leica finders, the frame mask is oblique to the illumination window & more into the interior of the camera. Thus, the frame illumination needs some support by additional optical elements - & they are partly the source of possible rangefinder flare, which always existed to some extent (post-M3) & became more pronounced with the modifications for the frames of the M4-2. Recent MP & M7 cameras use a new design for the frame illumination which reduces the flare problem, but not to the same level as the M3 & the Zeiss Ikon."
I was impressed with the priority on customer service at Carl Zeiss AG that would allow one of their engineers to take the time to provide this level of information to a single customer - a level of information that was longer & even more detailed than what I have reproduced here. I greatly appreciate the fact that they accomodated my request.
Huck