Zero is flat glass. Dioptres are the inverse of the focal length in meters or some such. I believe you can imagine it like this: E.g -1 is to bring a shortsighted eye, the furthest focus of which is at 1m, back to infinity focus, -2 is for an eye that furthest focuses at 0.5m and so on, positive powers work the other way around. You can also see that a +1 element will focus an image of e.g. the sun onto a surface one meter from it, if you have a loupe, see at what distance it focuses an image onto a surface, if it's e.g. 12,5 cm you have a +4 element.
I've also replied to your other thread. And again, for most cameras, the correction eyepieces are just add-ons, no need to mess with the cemented doublet. Are you sure that is a correction eyepiece? Many cameras come with something between -0.5 and -1.5 as default because that works for the largest demographic. As you are farsighted, drugstore reading glasses should work. And no, the precise distance doesn't matter, you can try the reading glasses on your face, if you see sharply with them through the camera's finder, it'll work stuck into the eyepiece.