I have seen the 180/2.8 "Olympia" Sonnar in 6x6 P6 mounts and/or modified for up to 6x9 - but that doesn't look as if it covered anything bigger (probably not even that, unless you stop down, given that these were crude amateur hacks).
There also is a later 180/4-4.8 from Zeiss Oberkochen in various medium format mounts (including Linhof boards), and its 250/5.6 companion (which does 9x12 fully open and 4x5" stopped down past f/11) - excellent lenses, but a tight fit with no space for movements left (at least if you use them to Zeiss/Linhof specs, which are as sharp as can be right into the corners - if you don't mind CA and vignetting, they'll easily cover more). And given their speed the results won't look significantly different than those from a (much more affordable and versatile) modern Plasmat type lens (e.g. Symmar S MC or Sironar) - back then, they were a definitive step up from the Tessar types Zeiss offered as entry level lenses, but the general definition of basic LF lenses changed considerably when LF withdrew into the esoteric high end.
Ages ago, there have been some Ernostar and Prolinear lenses for 1930's press cameras, which technically are precursors to the Sonnar, and are very fast for lenses with 6.5x9 or even 9x9 coverage, but these are extremely rare and expensive.