when the bokeh balls aren't perfectly round, the ends of the football-shaped bokeh ovals tend to point perpendicular to the radius that connects to the center of the image (providing it hasn't been cropped).
i'm sure someone on here who actually knows about optics could explain it better, but as best as i know, it has something to do with the optics and amount of correction that additional lens elements are able to provide, which is why 3-element lenses tend to exhibit it more than 4- or more element lenses, particularly wide open and focused close, when the bokeh balls are most pronounced.
as to number of aperture blades, i don't think that really has much of an effect, as most lenses that are that old/simple are found in TLRs/rangefinders, which do not have auto-indexing. since more modern lenses for SLRs tend to have both more than 3 elements, as well as having fewer aperture blades (which is necessary to keep the weight and friction low so as to be able to stop-down quickly before the mirror flips up and the shutter fires) which means that they are bokeh polygons rather than circles, they often don't exhibit this swirly effect.