Are you talking about in the US? If so, there absolutely are duties (no VAT, of course) on personal items from other countries - subject to some specific rules.
But, it sounds more like I have been unlucky in my few recent purchases, and not all shippers will charge, or not all customs processes are equal. It may very well have been the service that was used by the seller. I know that one item I received a while back shipped via FedEx.
In that case, I was surprised to see a bill from the shipper for my $2000 lens from Singapore. I reviewed the code and thought no duty was due, so I inquired of CBP to clear it up. Following is the exchange resulting from my web form query:
Me:
"Hello,
I recently purchased a used film camera lens from someone in Singapore. I bought this for my personal hobby use and the value was $2000 I had read the harmonized code and saw that the Singapore trade act phased out all duties in 2013. The seller sent this via FedEX and FedEx are now are demanding I pay them duties and a fee.
I believe they have mis-categorized my import and I do not owe any duties, could you please clarify, or confirm the situation?
Thank you"
The reply:
"The duty is based on what country an item was made in, not what country it is purchased from. The duty rate for most camera lenses is 3-5%, and if the package is shipped with a commercial courier such as FedEx they may charge a customs paperwork fee. I hope this answer helps.
Mark
Internet Purchases
http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/trade/basic_trade/internet_purchases.xml"