I think much of photography is a struggle to "see" an image in the scene before you Part of it comes from experience I suppose but some of it seems to be inherent in a person. I know I can see stuff others don't and I know that there are others who can see images I do not. I would agree that some people just have the ability to see an image where others do not but some definitely is learned. This is where studying the rules of composition comes in. The rules of composition work. You can ignore them sometimes. But it is best to follow them till you have the skill to know if something will work without applying them.
I find that it helps to actually
look through the viewfinder when trying to find or to visualize an image. Until then I have only the vaguest of ideas whether a subject will work as an image. It gives a whole different perspective on an image because it helps you to see what the final subject might look like when captured. Something I simply cannot do by just looking at it.
Also I am often reminding myself of the old Robert Capa saying "If your photos are no good, you are not close enough" (It was quite gutsy of him to say this given he was a war photographer but the adage still holds true). Try to get close. I find that images shot in this way are often much more compelling than wide shots which try to get everything in. Especially if you know what to look for and know how to compose.
When I first got into photography seriously I also bought some books to help me specifically with this problem. Probably they will be out of print now but they could be worth looking for on the 2nd hand market. Studying other photographers' work critically helps also but its good to do it having read a bit as you know what to look for when you examine their work.
The following books on "learning to see" come immediately to mind:
"Developing Vision and Style" (Cornish, Waite and Ward contributing, Ephraums editor)
"Learning to see Creatively" (Peterson)
"Lens Light and Landscape" (Bower)
"The Making of Landscape Photographs" (Waite)
One of the better books on the subject, as it covers a wide range of photo genres is
"The Photographers Eye" (Freeman) Fortunately this one is available as a PDF online for free (for example download site, here) :
https://archive.org/details/The_Photographers_Eye_Composition_and_Design_for_Better_Digital_Photos
It is worth studying closely to pick up some tips on how to see creatively.