I've thought about doing this (I'm a programmer as well as a photographer). But like anirbax said, there would need to be software written to read the camera's sensor, average the reading of the pixels, and translate this to a calibrated EV value.
Unfortunately most cellphones are not easily programmable, unless you are a business who can pay large fees to the cellphone manufacturers and/or cell network operators for access to their device. Even then, it might not be possible.
The except to this would be the iPhone, since Apple is making it programmable by ordinary programmers. When I get an iPhone (later this year, perhaps), a lightmeter is one of the projects I'd like to play with.
(Some Palm smartphones are also programmable, but I don't know if there is easy access to the built-in cameras on those phones.)